Snow water equivalent (SWE) is a crucial parameter in hydrology and climate studies that refers to the amount of water contained within a snowpack. It is commonly measured in millimeters or inches and represents the depth of water that would result if the snowpack were to melt instantaneously. SWE is important for predicting spring runoff, assessing water availability for agriculture and water supply management, and studying the impacts of climate change on snowpack dynamics. Researchers use a variety of methods such as snow surveys, remote sensing technologies, and modeling techniques to estimate SWE and monitor changes in snow accumulation and melting patterns over time.